Rayleigh Criterion (Resolution)
Find the smallest angle and separation a telescope, camera lens or eye can resolve from its aperture and wavelength, free online.
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The Rayleigh criterion for a circular aperture is θ = 1.22 λ ÷ D radians. Two point sources closer than this angle blur into one. The smallest resolvable separation at distance L is about L·θ. The human pupil (≈ 4 mm, 550 nm) resolves roughly 1 arcminute.